What is the typical impact of frost on soil underneath structures?

Frost typically causes expansion in soil beneath structures. When water present in the soil freezes, it forms ice, which occupies a larger volume than the same amount of water in its liquid state. This process leads to an increase in soil volume, resulting in what is known as frost heave. Frost heave can create upward pressure on foundations, which can lead to structural issues if the expansion is significant and unaccounted for in the design of the structure.

Understanding the implications of frost expansion is crucial for proper foundation design and construction practices, especially in areas prone to cold temperatures. Proper methods such as frost-protected shallow foundations or the use of materials that can accommodate or resist frost action are essential to mitigate potential damage caused by this phenomenon.